Uncertainty exists about the benefit with a suggested range of 0 to 12% oiip. Field wide application of ls flooding is being implemented. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding in. Special issue on low salinity water flooding for enhanced. Updated eor screening criteria and modeling the impacts of. Gas flooding, co 2 flooding, and polymer flooding considered, rejected enhanced waterflood losal eor was seen as best option.
The relative permeability of the low salinity case indicates a more water wet state than that of the high salinity flood. Introduction and objectives about water injection integrated waterflood management system engineering calculation of cvc, ivc in water injection performance plots used for analysis profile modification job low salinity water flooding references contents. High salinity water flooding low salinity water flooding figure 28. Low salinity water flooding changes the ion composition or brine salinity for improving oil recovery. Low salinity water flooding lsw is a promising new technique for enhancing oil recovery eor in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. When we talk about the low salinity benefit, we mean that higher oil recovery will be obtained when the salinity of injection water is lower than that of existing or initial connate formation water. The low salinity waterflooding is an attractive ecofriendly producing method, recently, for carbonate reservoirs. Extracted on the qualitative uss mistakes, it was water that using writing yields higher recovery factor than flooding. Enhanced oil recovery efficiency of lowsalinity water.
When ferrous ion is present in the formation water, that is, acidic water, the injection of low salinity water generally with neutral ph can yield precipitation or dissolution of feminerals by ph mixing effect. Losal eor into the clair ridge project laboratory to day. This report covers low salinityhardness water flooding. This school covers the basics of wettability and low salinity water flooding. Jul 20, 2018 indeed, the main objectives of employing low salinity water andor surfactant is to reduce the ift parameter and also turn the wettability from oilwet to neutral or water wet 4,5,6,7,8. He showed that low salinity water injection resulted in less than 0. Anticipated to be attractive for the north sea where there is long history of conventional waterflood. Spotlight on the new natural surfactant flooding in carbonate.
Pdf effect of clay mineral composition on lowsalinity. The primary mechanism of oil recovery by low salinity water flooding in sandstone reservoirs was proposed by tang and morrow. Insights into the mechanism of wettability alteration by low. January 12 sc hlumberger private 2 sis training low salinity water flooding lsw simple concept during water flooding inject fresh water or at least water with lower dissolved salts that the. Jan 10, 2019 low salinity water injection has been utilized as a promising method for oil recovery in recent years. Comparative remaining oil saturation after high and low salinity water flooding lsw has the highest efficiency in terms of improved oil recovery e. They concluded that connate water saturation, clay particles, and exposure of cores to crude. January 12 sc hlumberger private 2 sis training low salinity water flooding lsw simple concept during water flooding inject fresh water or at least water. Sulfate ion concentration, low salinity water, rock composition, porosity, and permeability were examined using a designed model.
Performance of lowsalinity water flooding for enhanced oil. Mechanisms behind low salinity water flooding in carbonate reservoirs. The ph stayed below 7 in both low salinity and high salinity cases. Impact of salinity and connate water on low salinity water. Pdf low salinity waterflooding for a carbonate reservoir. An insitu saponification occurs with certain compounds of oil. Typical seawater, increase so4, two and three times in the seawater, and low salinity water that had been diluted 10 and 100 times were applied as waterflooding processes with three different average matrix permeability. Like alkaline flooding, low salinity water reduced the interfacial tension between the reservoir oil and water and ph elevation tended to make the rock more water wet and low salinity as new technique of enhanced oil recovery. Mechanistic modeling of low salinity water flooding pdf.
The 2d study focused on capturing the movement of the water saturation fronts in transparent 2d sand packs via digital recordings. Comprehensive investigation of lowsalinity waterflooding in. Sw, but another low did not show a significant percentage. A study of low salinity water flooding in 1d and 2d. Low salinity water as a means of improving oil recovery has recently generated interest both from petroleum science and industry.
Spontaneous imbibition scaling of viscosity ratio etc. Influencing factors and implications for low salinity water flooding in carbonate reservoirs. The potential of lsw has drawn the attention of the oil industry in the past decade. Investigation of the potential of low salinity water flooding. However, there are differences in the oil recovery. Low salinity, sequential waterflooding, and interfacial properties siluni wickramatilaka, ph. Together with the oil company bp and partners from the max planck institute for dynamics and selforganization in gottingen and from the nanogeoscience center at copenhagen university, we have been exploring for several years the microscopic origin of this socalled lowsalinity water flooding process. Historical waterflood records could unintentionally provide some evidence of improved recovery from water flooding with lower salinity water. The model represents low salinity flooding using salinity dependent oil water relative permeability functions resulting from wettability change. Historical waterflood records could unintentionally provide some evidence of improved recovery from waterflooding with lower salinity water. Several laboratory tests have already demonstrated the potential of loweringmanipulating the injected brine salinity and composition to improve oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. Low salinity as new technique of enhanced oil recovery. Also, these fines may block preferential paths and force injected water to flood new pore spaces.
He explained that the failure reasons are due to applying low salinity waterflooding after flooding by high salinity water. This is similar to other eor modeling, and conventional fractionalflow theory can be adapted to describe the process in 1d for secondary and tertiary low salinity waterflooding. In recent years, core displacement experiments performed on clastic rock samples using low salinity brine as injection fluid have proven to give a moderate increase in crude oil recovery. Low salinity water flooding is an immature eor technology but there does seem to be positive proof of field success. Thereafter, the injected fluid is switched to low salinity water by diluting the formation water with distilled water until the salinity is in the range of to 2000 ppm.
Therefore, a flooding factor of 10 years for seawater, somewhere salinity 3. The physicschemistry of low salinity water injection is discussed from porelevel mechanisms to fieldscale application, with an emphasis on surface chemistry, relativepermeability measurements, practical reservoir. Eclipse 100 black oil simulator was used to model and simulate this recovery scenario and the performance is compared with two other water drive production scenarios namely. Low salinity water lsw flooding technology has obvious operational and economic advantages, so it is applied to practice in many oilfields. This special issue seeks high quality submissions, which are devoted to recent research advancements, development and application of low salinity water flooding processes for enhanced oil recovery in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs including but not limited to the following. Low salinity waterflooding fundamentals and case studies norman r. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding i n. Water flooding water drivepattern injection low salinity waterflood bp smart waterflood armaco ion management waterflood exxon low tensionlow salinity waterflood the u. Bright water application in bp and potential in gupco cairo, april 15th,2010 losal eor into the clair ridge project laboratory to day one field implementation e robbana, n young, ta buikema, c mair, d williams, d mercer, kj. However, this result is not supported by all the published experimental data.
The effect of low salinity and smart water techniques in sandstone rocks has been investigated during the last two decades. Low salinity, removal of water blocks, rate effect, and core properties for screening cores nina loahardjo, ph. Low salinity eor low salinity eor is a recognised technique with examples of successful field applications around the world. This paper presents a new hybrid eor process where the effect of low. Effect of clay mineral composition on lowsalinity water flooding. Combined low salinity brine injection and surfactant flooding. Low salinity water and surfactants for hydraulic fracturing and eor of shales. Injection of low salinity water at the outset of reservoir. May 21, 2010 the concept of surfactant flooding has long been recognized as a promising supplement to water based enhanced oil recovery methods. Low salinity water flooding is a newly developed eor technique in which chemistry play major role in improve oil recovery, it has been proposed that the concentration of salt manuscript received november 15, 2016. When performing a secondary low salinity flood, the core is restored after the formation waterflood, and a new flood is performed with the low saline water.
A detailed knowledge of the chemical mechanism behind the low saline eor process together with information on formation brine composition, oil properties and type of clay material present, will make it possible to evaluate the potential for increase in oil recovery by a low salinity waterflood. Pdf mechanisms behind low salinity water flooding in. However, laboratory scal tests are still required to screen low. Tadesse weldu teklu, xiaopeng li, zhou zhou, najeeb alharthy, lei wang, hazim abass. Updated eor screening criteria and modeling the impacts of water salinity changes on oil recovery by ahmad aladasani a dissertation presented to the faculty of the graduate school of the.
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